JPSC Prelims MCQ Test: Jharkhand Language & Litreature

1. Santhali Language belongs to which family
1. Austroasiatic
2. Indo Europian
3. Dravidian
4. Indo Tibetan 
2. Which of the following language doesn't come under Dravidian family language
1. Korwa
2. Kurukh
3. Paharia
4. Mundari
3. Ho is a language belong to which family
1.  Austroasiatic
2. Indo Europian
3. Dravidian
4. Indo Tibetan
4. Ol Chiki script is belongs to which language
1. Kurukh
2. Ho
3. Santhali
4. Mundari
5. Ol Chiki script is invented by 
1. Majhi Ramdas Tudu
2. Raghunath Murmu
3. Shri lako Bodra
4. Thakur Prasad Murmu
6. Which of the Santhali writer has been awarded with D.Litt from Calcutta university
1. Majhi Ramdas Tudu
2. Raghunath Murmu
3. Shri lako Bodra
4. Thakur Prasad Murmu
7. Which Santhali writer popularly known as "Guru Gomke"
1. Majhi Ramdas Tudu
2. Raghunath Murmu
3. Shri lako Bodra
4. Thakur Prasad Murmu
8. Barang Chiti script belong to which language
1. Kurukh
2. Ho
3. Santhali
4. Mundari
9. Barang Chiti script was invented by
1. Majhi Ramdas Tudu
2. Raghunath Murmu
3. Shri lako Bodra
4. Thakur Prasad Murmu\

JPSC MCQ Test: CNT Act, SPT Act & Wilkinson's Rule

Hello Friends, Please check your preparation on the below MCQs on the Land Laws in Jharkhand. Questions are based on the CNT, SPT, Wilkinson's Rule and BLR Act. Please write your answer in the comment section below:

1. Arrange these land laws in the chronological order
1. CNT Act
2. SPT Act
3. Wilkinson Rule
4. BLR Act
2. Chotanagpur Tenancy Act is not applicable to which of the district in Jharkhand
1. Saraikela
2. Jamtara
3. Ranchi
4. Hazaribag
3. Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act is applicable to which of the following district
1. Ranchi
2. Hazaribag
3. Palamu
4. Deoghar
4. Wilkinson's Rule is applicable to which division of Jharkhand
1. Santhal Pargana
2. Palamu
3. Kolhan
4. Chotanagpur
5. In Munda-Manki System who was the head of the village
1. Munda
2. Manjhi
3. Manki
4. None of the above
6. In Munda Manki system Priest of the village is known as
1. Munda
2. Manki
3. Pahan
4. Peer
7. Which of the among has power to repeal the CNT Act
1. State Legislative Assembly
2. Parliament
3. Chief Justice of High Court
4. Chief Minister
8. As per the provision of CNT Act transfer of land rights is possible among/between
1. Only between Schedule Tribe to Schedule Tribe members
2. Only between Schedule Caste to Schedule Caste members
3. Only between OBCs to OBCs members
4. All of the above 
9. As per the provision of CNT Act transfer of Land rights is possible only with the permission of
1. Chief Justice of High Court
2. Deputy Commissioner
3. BDO
4. SDO
10. As per the provision of CNT Act transfer of land is allowed from a member of Tribal community to a non Tribal community member
1. Only for Agriculture purpose
2. Only of Industrial purpose
3. Only for Residential purpose
4. Both 1 & 2
11. As per the provision of CNT Act who has the power to restore the Land against the Fraudulent purchase
1. Deputy Commissioner
2. Governer
3. High Court
4. SDO 
12. As per the provision of SPT Act land can be given on lease for
1. Maximum of 3 years
2. Maximum of 5 years
3. Maximum of 6 years
4. Maximum of 1 year
13. Which of the Land reforms act abolished the Zamindari system
1. CNT Act
2. SPT Act
3. BLR Act
4. Wlkinson's Rule
14. As per the Wilkinson's rule which of the system has been legalised
1. Zamindari System
2. Manki Munda system
3. Panchayati Raj system
4. None of the above
15. SPT Act is applicable to 
1. Entire Jharkhand state
2. Only in Kolhan division
3. Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana both
4. Only in Santhal Pargana

Note: More questions will be added in due course of time..

Disaster Management ( आपदा प्रबंधन )

In JPSC Pre Syllabus there detail topic on Disaster Management (5 questions), also in Paper 1 under section General Questions "Disaster Management" is included. Hence it shows the importance of the topic. 

What is a Disaster ?

žAn event Man made, Natural sudden or progressive which affects the community

through exceptional measures.

ž

Types:

• Water & Climate related

• Geological related

• Chemical, Nuclear, Industrial disaster

• Accident related

• Biological related

*  A žHigh-Powered Committee (HPC) setup in August 1999

ž* National committee setup after the Gujarat earthquake, 2001

ž* 10th plan also  suggested a Disater Management Plan

* Hence a disaster management Act has been passed

 ž

Disaster Management Act, 2005

main provisions:

• Coordination mechanism at State, District and Local level

• Support in Institutional, financial , legal  matters

• National Disaster management Authority (NDMA) has been setup.

Institutionalisation:

NDMA (National Disater Management Authority)

• žHeaded by Prime Minister

ž• for Natural and Man made disasters

Functions:

• Approve the national DM plan

ž• Central ministries/ departments and State Governments will support

ž• Direction and control of  NDRF

ž• Training

NDMA works with national executive committee (Headed by Home Secretary)

SDMA (State Disater Management Authority)

ž

Headed by Chief Minister

Functions:

Approve State plan for DM

žReview for state preparedness

SDMA works with Stae executive committee (Headed by Chief Secretary)

(to be cont..)

Note: if the blog is helpful for you in anyways or you need any improvements please dont forget to leave your comment below and do subscribe this blog.

Wilkinson Rule, 1837 (Jharkhand Land Law)

First lets understand what is the Kolhan area in Jharkhand.
Sadar subdivision of Chaibasa west Singhbhum and Saraikela areas of Jharkhand.

Thomas Wilkinson - Governer General's agent is south west during British rule.

After the failure of British to subjugate the Ho's in 1834, the Adivasi's were kept under the British rule and agreed that their traditional system of governance should be continued:
British regime legalised the Manki Munda system under Wilkinson's Rule.

Kolhan Porhat region divided into Peers and Sub-Peers.
Head of a Village -- Munda
Head of a Peer -- Manki

Manki and Munda s were allowed to certain police duties, recognised as the Police head of the circle
They had power to deal with Petty Civil and Criminal cases.
Manki -- Chief Police officer and Munda -- ther subordinate

* In the manjor settlement of 1913 and 1918 the special position of Manki and Munda recognised
* After the revisional survey conducted in 1958 and 1965 all the Gair mazuara land (recorded under Manki and Munda) were recorded as the govt. land.
* Means now govt. rather than Manki and Munda has the power to settle the land.


After the panchayat poll conducted in 1970 the elected village heads were given power which were earlier executed by the Manki and Munda...along with developmental work.


Decline of Manki Munda system:
Problem with post holders -- Not educated, Not aware of their rights under Wilkinson's rule
Educated villagers doesn't give importance to uneducated Manki and Mundas.


Controversies with Wilkinson's rule:

Kolhan Raksha Sangh (KRS) in 1981 proclaimed that
- Kolhan was a govt. estate during independence with an administrative setup on Wilkinson's rule
KRS representative came to Delhi to argue Kolhan was a republic and its alliance with British commonwealth and British Crown.
- They also sent representative to UN Geneva.
- Later Leaders of KRS faced sedition charges and some went underground.


Note: This post has been prepared for Jharkhand state level examination point of view

SPT Act (Santhal Pargana Tenance Act), 1949

Santhal Pargana 

Following districts included in Santhal Pargana division:

• Deoghar
• Dumka
• Jamtara
• Sahibgunj 
• Godda and
• Pakur

SPT Act, 1949 applicable only to the Santhal Pargana region in Jharkhand

Main Provision of SPT Act, 1949

Similar to the CNT act section 46 there is a provision on restriction of transfer of Land

Section 20- 25 (Restriction of transfer of Raiyat holding)

Section 20- 

1. No Transfer of raiyat shall be valid unless the right to transfer has been recorded in the record of rights 
1. - Gift to Sister daughter etc. only with written permission from District commissioner
2. Any point of time DC can evict the transfer from such land if he found fraudulent.

Under CNT Act the land can be transferred from a member of ST to STs, SCs to SCs and OBCs to OBCs with restrictions.

However in Santhal Pargana does not proceed on this line.

** This restriction if the land was Homestead (Basbhumi land) - such transfer do not fall within sec. 20 of SPT Act

Section 21 - A non aboriginal raiyat can transfer by Bhugat Bandha (Not more than 6 years)

Various forms of share cropping arrangements:-

Bharna:

Grain or Money borrowed when needed and proportionate amount of land is given for the crop season

Bhag:

The output is divided equally between owner of the land and Producer.

Bhugat Bandha:

A lease of land -- for max. of 6 years

Krishani:

Owner gets 2 parts cultivator gets 3rd part of the output.

Bihar land Reforms Act, 1950

It ended the Zamindari system by abolishing all intermediary between State and Tenants.

except Mundari Khut Kattidari and Bhuinahari Tenures.

Note: This blog has been prepared solely for Jharkhand state level exam preparation point of view.

CNT SPT Act and Other Land laws in Jharkhand

Important Land Laws in Jharkhand:

1. C.N.T. Act (Chotanagpur Tenancy Act) 
2. S.P.T. Act (Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act)
3. Wilkinson Rule
4. BLR Act

History of Land laws & Land reforms in Jharkhand.(To understand the background)

Munda Manki System :

This was a village based administrative system among the tribal communities. 

Munda - Usually the village was governed by the headman known as Munda 

Pahan - The priest of the village was known as Pahan. 

Manki

Network of 8-10 villages were headed by a Manki 

- Manki used to solve disputes arising between different Mundas.

The land were held jointly by the villagers and there was no concept of an individual

holding of land. Different portions of land were used for different purpose, like 

Rajhas: The produce of which was reserved to be sent to the king as tribute. 

Sarna Land: Reserved for religious activities 

Akharas: Land for community dancing and celebration 

Some portion of agricultural produce was for everyday use.

Munda Manki system has to a large extent been retained in Kolhan area under the Wilkinson

rule (We will be discussing it in later Section)

§1765 – East India Company received Dewani rights for the Bengal area

§1790 – Zamindari System implemented (Lord Cornwallis)

§1832 – Kol uprising against Zamindari System

§1857 – Revolt against EIC rule

§1869 – Chotanagpur Tenures act passed ()

úAppointed commissioner

úTitle/Tenure of lands

úPower of restoration

§1879 – Chotangapur Landlords and Tenants procedure act

§1908 – Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 

§1947– CNT (Amemndment)

úSec.14 has been replaced with Sec. 46 in the new CNT Act

úTransfer of Land has been restricted with this Section

Jharkhand Administrative Division

CNT Act को समझने से पहले हमें झारखण्ड के administrative division को समझना जरुरी है | 

जैसा की नीचे के चित्र में दर्शाया गया है झारखंड को कई प्रशासनिक भागों में बांटा गया है 

1. Santhal Pargana (Deoghar, Dumka, Godda, Sahibgunj, Pakur and Jamtara Districts)
2. North Chotanagpur
3. South Chotanagpur
4. Palamu and
5. Kolhan (areas of W. Singhbhum and Saraikel Kharsawan district)