First lets understand what is the Kolhan area in Jharkhand.
Sadar subdivision of Chaibasa west Singhbhum and Saraikela areas of Jharkhand.
Thomas Wilkinson - Governer General's agent is south west during British rule.
After the failure of British to subjugate the Ho's in 1834, the Adivasi's were kept under the British rule and agreed that their traditional system of governance should be continued:
British regime legalised the Manki Munda system under Wilkinson's Rule.
Kolhan Porhat region divided into Peers and Sub-Peers.
Head of a Village -- Munda
Head of a Peer -- Manki
Manki and Munda s were allowed to certain police duties, recognised as the Police head of the circle
They had power to deal with Petty Civil and Criminal cases.
Manki -- Chief Police officer and Munda -- ther subordinate
* In the manjor settlement of 1913 and 1918 the special position of Manki and Munda recognised
* After the revisional survey conducted in 1958 and 1965 all the Gair mazuara land (recorded under Manki and Munda) were recorded as the govt. land.
* Means now govt. rather than Manki and Munda has the power to settle the land.
After the panchayat poll conducted in 1970 the elected village heads were given power which were earlier executed by the Manki and Munda...along with developmental work.
Decline of Manki Munda system:
Problem with post holders -- Not educated, Not aware of their rights under Wilkinson's rule
Educated villagers doesn't give importance to uneducated Manki and Mundas.
Controversies with Wilkinson's rule:
Kolhan Raksha Sangh (KRS) in 1981 proclaimed that
- Kolhan was a govt. estate during independence with an administrative setup on Wilkinson's rule
KRS representative came to Delhi to argue Kolhan was a republic and its alliance with British commonwealth and British Crown.
- They also sent representative to UN Geneva.
- Later Leaders of KRS faced sedition charges and some went underground.
Note: This post has been prepared for Jharkhand state level examination point of view
Sadar subdivision of Chaibasa west Singhbhum and Saraikela areas of Jharkhand.
Thomas Wilkinson - Governer General's agent is south west during British rule.
After the failure of British to subjugate the Ho's in 1834, the Adivasi's were kept under the British rule and agreed that their traditional system of governance should be continued:
British regime legalised the Manki Munda system under Wilkinson's Rule.
Kolhan Porhat region divided into Peers and Sub-Peers.
Head of a Village -- Munda
Head of a Peer -- Manki
Manki and Munda s were allowed to certain police duties, recognised as the Police head of the circle
They had power to deal with Petty Civil and Criminal cases.
Manki -- Chief Police officer and Munda -- ther subordinate
* In the manjor settlement of 1913 and 1918 the special position of Manki and Munda recognised
* After the revisional survey conducted in 1958 and 1965 all the Gair mazuara land (recorded under Manki and Munda) were recorded as the govt. land.
* Means now govt. rather than Manki and Munda has the power to settle the land.
After the panchayat poll conducted in 1970 the elected village heads were given power which were earlier executed by the Manki and Munda...along with developmental work.
Decline of Manki Munda system:
Problem with post holders -- Not educated, Not aware of their rights under Wilkinson's rule
Educated villagers doesn't give importance to uneducated Manki and Mundas.
Controversies with Wilkinson's rule:
Kolhan Raksha Sangh (KRS) in 1981 proclaimed that
- Kolhan was a govt. estate during independence with an administrative setup on Wilkinson's rule
KRS representative came to Delhi to argue Kolhan was a republic and its alliance with British commonwealth and British Crown.
- They also sent representative to UN Geneva.
- Later Leaders of KRS faced sedition charges and some went underground.
Note: This post has been prepared for Jharkhand state level examination point of view
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